CIVIL AVIATION: SUBSIDIARY LEGISLATION: CIVIL AVIATION (AERODROMES DESIGN AND OPERATIONS) REGULATIONS
(section 89)
(23rd June, 2022)
ARRANGEMENT OF REGULATIONS
REGULATION
PART I
Preliminary Provisions
1. Citation
2. Interpretation
3. Use of common reference systems
4. Categories of aerodromes and requirements for operation of aerodromes
PART II
Construction of Aerodromes
5. Application for aerodrome establishment certificate
6. Issuance and validity of aerodrome establishment certificate
7. Design and construction of aerodromes
8. Requirements for aerodrome design
9. Aerodrome reference code
PART III
Obligations of Aerodrome Operator
10. Compliance with conditions
11. Competence of operational and maintenance personnel
12. Aerodrome operations and maintenance
13. Safety Management System
14. Storage of inflammable and other dangerous goods
15. Safety measures against fire
16. Access to and operations within restricted areas
17. Entry into or exit from restricted areas of aerodrome
18. Test-running of aircraft engine
19. Prohibited acts on aerodrome
20. Removal of obstructions from aerodrome movement surfaces
21. Maintenance of environmental management programme
22. Protection of navigation aids
23. Responsibilities of operator
24. Inspection of aerodromes and unhindered access by inspectors of Authority
25. Notifying and reporting
26. Aerodrome movement area inspections
27. Special inspections
28. Warning notices
PART IV
Aerodrome Data
29. Aeronautical data
30. Aerodrome reference point
31. Aerodrome and runway elevation
32. Aerodrome reference temperature
33. Aerodrome dimensions and related information
34. Strength of pavements
35. Pre-flight altimeter check location
36. Declared distances
37. Condition of movement area and related facilities
38. Water on runway
39. Removal of disabled aircraft
40. Level of protection of rescue and firefighting
41. Visual approach slope indicator system
42. Co-ordination between aeronautical information services and aerodrome authorities
PART V
Wildlife Hazard Management
43. Animals not allowed in restricted areas of aerodrome
44. Wildlife hazard management
45. Wildlife strike hazard reduction at aerodrome
46. National Committee on Wildlife Hazard Management
47. Assessment of wildlife strike hazards at aerodrome
PART VI
Aerodrome Physical Characteristics
48. Conditions for operating aerodrome
49. Standard for physical characteristics of aerodrome
50. Number and orientation of runways
51. Maximum permissible cross-wind component
52. Data to be used for calculation of runway usability factor
53. Location of threshold
54. Determination of actual length of runways
55. Determination of width of runway
56. Determination of minimum distance between parallel runways
57. Slopes on runways
58. Strength of runways
59. Surface of runways
60. Runway shoulders
61. Runway turn pads
62. Runway strips
63. Slopes on runway strips
64. Runway End Safety Area
65. Clearways
66. Stopways
67. Radio altimeter operating area
68. Taxiways
69. Rapid exit taxiways
70. Taxiway on bridges
71. Taxiway shoulders
72. Taxiway strips
73. Holding bays, runway-holding positions, intermediate holding positions and road holding positions
74. Aprons
75. Isolated aircraft parking
PART VII
Obstacle Restrictions and Removal
76. Erection of obstacles
77. Establishment of obstacle limitation surfaces
78. Obstacle limitation surfaces
79. Conical surfaces
80. Inner horizontal surface
81. Approach surface
82. Inner approach surface
83. Transitional surface
84. Inner transitional surface
85. Balked landing surface
86. Take-off climb surface
87. Obstacle limitation requirements for non-instrument runways
88. Obstacle limitation requirements for non-precision approach runways
89. Obstacle limitation requirements for precision approach runways
90. Obstacle limitation requirements for runways meant for take-off
91. Objects outside obstacle limitation surfaces
92. Other objects
93. Authorisation to construct within vicinity of aerodrome
94. Removal of obstacle
PART VIII
Aeronautical Ground Lighting
95. Application of this Part
96. Establishment and maintenance of aeronautical ground lights
97. Secondary power supply
98. Aeronautical beacons
PART IX
Visual Aids for Navigation
99. Wind direction indicators
100. Landing direction indicator
101. Signalling lamp
102. Signal panel and signalling area
103. Markings
104. Runway designation marking
105. Runway centreline marking
106. Threshold markings
107. Aiming point marking
108. Touchdown zone marking
109. Runway side stripe marking
110. Taxiway centreline marking
111. Taxi side stripe marking
112. Runway turn pad marking
113. Runway-holding position marking
114. Intermediate holding position marking
115. VOR aerodrome checkpoint marking
116. Aircraft stand marking
117. Apron safety lines
118. Road-holding position marking
119. Mandatory instruction markings
120. Information marking
121. Lights which may endanger safety of aircraft
122. Laser emission which may endanger safety of aircraft
123. Lights which may cause confusion
124. Elevated approach lights
125. Elevated lights
126. Surface lights
127. Light intensity and control
128. Emergency lighting
129. Aerodrome beacons
130. Aeronautical beacons
131. Identification beacon
132. Simple approach lighting system
133. Precision approach category I lighting system
134. Precision approach category II and III lighting system
135. Visual approach slope indicator system
136. Approach slope and elevation setting of light beams
137. PAPI and APAPI
138. Approach slope and elevation setting of the light units
139. Obstacle protection, AVASIS, T-VASIS, PAPI and APAPI
140. Circling guidance lights
141. Runway lead-in lighting systems
142. Runway threshold identification lights
143. Runway edge lights
144. Runway threshold and wing bar lights
145. Runway end lights
146. Runway centreline lights
147. Runway touchdown zone lights
148. Simple touchdown zone lights
149. Rapid exit taxiway indicator lights
150. Stopway lights
151. Taxiway centreline lights
152. Taxiway centreline lights on taxiways
153. Taxiway centreline lights on other exit taxiways
154. Taxiway centreline lights on runways
155. Taxiway edge lights
156. Runway turn pad lights
157. Stop bars
158. Intermediate holding position lights
159. Runway guard lights
160. Apron floodlighting
161. Visual docking guidance system
162. Azimuth guidance unit
163. Stopping position indicator
164. Advanced Visual Docking Guidance System
165. Aircraft stand manoeuvring guidance lights
166. Road-holding position light
167. No-entry bar
168. Runway status lights
169. Signs
170. Mandatory instruction sign
171. Information signs
172. VOR aerodrome checkpoint sign
173. Aerodrome identification sign
174. Aircraft stand identification sign
175. Road-holding position sign
176. Unpaved runways edge markers
177. Stopway edge markers
178. Taxiway edge markers
179. Taxiway centreline markers
180. Unpaved taxiway edge markers
181. Boundary markers
PART X
Visual Aids for Denoting Obstacle
182. Provision of visual aids for denoting obstacles
183. Marking and lighting of objects within the lateral boundaries of obstacle limitation surfaces
184. Marking and lighting of objects outside the lateral boundaries of the obstacle limitation surfaces
185. Marking and/or lighting of objects
186. Marking and lighting of mobile objects
187. Intensity and colour of obstacle lights
188. Marking of fixed objects
189. Lighting of fixed medium objects
190. Lighting of objects with height less than 45 m above ground level
191. Lighting of objects with a height 45 m or more to a height less than 150 m above ground level
192. Lighting of objects with a height 150 m or more above ground level
193. Marking of wind turbines
194. Lighting of wind turbines
195. Marking of overhead wires, cables and supporting towers
196. Lighting of overhead wires, cables and supporting towers
PART XI
Visual Aids for Denoting Restricted Use Areas
197. Marking of restricted use areas
198. Marking and lighting of closed runways and taxiways, or parts thereof
199. Marking of non-load bearing surfaces
200. Marking of pre-threshold areas
201. Marking and lighting of unserviceable areas
PART XII
Aerodrome Operational Services, Equipment, Installations and Facilities
202. Immigration, customs and excise aerodromes
203. Supply of aviation fuel to aircraft
204. Aerodrome emergency planning
205. Emergency planning committee
206. Emergency operations centre and command post
207. Aerodrome emergency exercise
208. Emergencies in difficult environment
209. Establishment of aerodrome rescue and firefighting services
210. Determination of aerodrome rescue and firefighting category
211. Level of protection for rescue and firefighting services
212. Provision of reserve supplies of water and foam for firefighting vehicles
213. Rescue equipment
214. Response time for rescue and firefighting services
215. Establishment of emergency access roads
216. Rescue and firefighting service stations
217. Provision of communication and alerting systems for rescue and firefighting service
218. Minimum number of rescue and firefighting vehicles
219. Requirements for rescue and firefighting personnel
220. Removal of disabled aircrafts
221. Apron management service
222. Ground servicing of aircrafts
223. Aerodrome vehicle operation
224. Surface movement guidance and control systems
225. Siting of equipment and installations on operational areas
226. Location, construction and installation of equipment on operational areas
227. Fencing of aerodromes and installations
228. Security lighting of aerodrome fence
229. Maintenance of safety inspection programme
230. Establishment of fire prevention unit and maintenance of fire prevention programme
231. Access of ground vehicles to aerodrome movement area
232. Autonomous Runway Incursion Warning System
233. Operation of aircraft exceeding certified characteristics of an aerodrome
PART XIII
Aerodrome Maintenance
234. Application of this Part
235. Maintenance programme
236. Maintenance of movement and adjacent areas
237. Removal of contaminants
238. Runway pavement overlays
239. Preventive maintenance of visual aids
240. Construction or maintenance activity during low visibility operations
241. Works at aerodromes
PART XIV
Electrical Systems
242. Application of this Part
243. Electrical power supply systems for air navigation services and facilities
244. Electrical system design and operation
245. Monitoring of electrical systems
PART XV
Information to be Reported to Aeronautical Information Services
246. Application of this Part
247. Availability of information
248. Action required for occurrences of operational significance other than those involving electronic aids and communication facilities
249. Action required for occurrences that affect electronic aids and communication facilities
250. Aeronautical data reporting
PART XVI
General Provisions
251. Lighting of enroute obstacles
252. Land use in the vicinity of aerodrome
253. Aeronautical studies
254. Deviations from standards
255. Safety inspections and audits
256. Obligation to insure aerodrome
257. Minimum specifications for licensed aerodromes
258. Aerodrome layout plan
259. Heliport operations
260. Enforcement
PART XVII
Miscellaneous Provisions
261. Contravention of Regulations
262. Appeals to the Tribunal
263. Offences
264. Revocation
S.I. 78, 2022,
S.I. 70, 2024.
PART I
Preliminary Provisions (regs 1-4)
These Regulations may be cited as the Civil Aviation (Aerodromes Design and Operations) Regulations.
In these Regulations, unless the context otherwise requires—
"accident" means an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which in the case of a manned aircraft, takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time the person has disembarked or in the case of an unmanned aircraft, takes place between the time the aircraft is ready to move with the purpose of flight until such time as it comes to rest at the end of the flight and the primary propulsion system is shut down, in which—
(a) a person is seriously injured as a result of—
(i) being in the aircraft,
(ii) direct contact with any part of the aircraft, including a part which has become detached from the aircraft, or
(iii) direct exposure to jet blast,
except when the injury is from a natural cause, self-inflicted or inflicted by another person, or when the injury is to a stowaway hiding outside an area normally available to passengers and crew;
(b) the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which—
(i) adversely affects the structural strength, performance or flight characteristics of the aircraft, and
(ii) would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component, except for engine failure or damage, which is limited to a single engine and its cowlings and accessories, propellers, wing tips, antennas, probes, vanes, tires, brakes, wheels, fairings, panels, landing gear doors, windscreen, small dents or puncture holes in the aircraft skin, minor damages to main rotor blades, tail rotor blades, landing gear, and those resulting from hail or bird strike including holes in the radome; or
(c) the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible;
"Advisory Circular (AC)" means explanatory or advisory information concerning technical, legislative or administrative matters, as well as information on the long-term forecast of major changes in legislation, regulations, procedures or facilities liable to affect flight safety;
"aerodrome" means a defined area on land or water (including any buildings, installations and equipment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft;
"aerodrome beacon" means an aeronautical beacon used to indicate the location of an aerodrome from the air;
"aerodrome elevation" means the elevation of the highest point of the landing area;
"aerodrome facilities and equipment" means facilities and equipment, inside or outside the boundaries of an aerodrome that are constructed or installed and maintained for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft;
"aerodrome identification sign" means a sign placed on an aerodrome to aid in identifying the aerodrome from the air;
"aerodrome manual" means the manual that forms part of the application for a licence or a certificate under these Regulations, including any amendments to the manual, approved by the Authority;
"aerodrome mapping data – (AMD)" means data collected for the purpose of compiling aerodrome mapping information for aeronautical uses;
"aerodrome mapping database – (AMDB)" means a collection of aerodrome mapping data organised and arranged as a structured data set;
"aerodrome operator" means an operator of an aerodrome either licensed or certificated under these Regulations in Botswana;
"Aerodrome Operating Minima" means the limits of usability of an aerodrome for—
(a) take-off, expressed in terms of Runway Visual Range or visibility and, if necessary, cloud conditions;
(b) landing in 2D instrument approach operations, expressed in terms of visibility or Runway Visual Range, minimum descent altitude or height (MDA/H) and, if necessary, cloud conditions; and
(c) landing in 3D instrument approach operations, expressed in terms of visibility or Runway Visual Range and decision altitude/height (DA/H) as appropriate to the type or category of the operation;
"aerodrome reference code" means a code used for planning purposes to classify an aerodrome with respect to the critical aircraft characteristics for which the aerodrome is intended;
"aerodrome reference point" means the designated geographical location of an aerodrome;
"aerodrome standards" means standards prescribed by the Authority applicable to aerodromes;
"aerodrome traffic density" means—
(a) Light: Where the number of movements in the mean busy hour is not greater than 15 per runway or typically less than 20 total aerodrome movements;
(b) Medium: Where the number of movements in the mean busy hour is of the order of 16 to 25 per runway or typically between 20 to 35 total aerodrome movements;
(c) Heavy: Where the number of movements in the mean busy hour is of the order of 26 or more per runway or typically more than 35 total aerodrome movements;
"aerodrome traffic zone" means the airspace extending from aerodrome level to a height of two thousand feet over the area comprising the aerodrome and the surrounding land or water within a distance of two thousand yards of its boundaries;
"aeronautical beacon" means an aeronautical ground light visible at all azimuths, either continuously or intermittently, to designate a particular point on the surface of the earth;
"Aeronautical data" is classified as—
(a) routine data: there is a very low probability when using corrupted routine data that the continued safe flight and landing of an aircraft would be severely at risk with the potential for catastrophe;
(b) essential data: there is a low probability when using corrupted essential data that the continued safe flight and landing of an aircraft would be severely at risk with the potential for catastrophe; and
(c) critical data: there is a high probability when using corrupted critical data that the continued safe flight and landing of an aircraft would be severely at risk with the potential for catastrophe;
"aeronautical ground light" means any light specially provided as an aid to air navigation, other than a light displayed on an aircraft;
"Aeronautical Information Circular (AIC)" means a notice containing information that does not qualify for the origination of a NOTAM or for inclusion in the Aeronautical Information Publication, but which relates to flight safety, air navigation, technical, administrative or legislative matters;
"Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)" means an aeronautical information publication of a lasting character essential to air navigation, issued by the Authority;
"aeroplane reference field length" means the minimum field length required for take-off at maximum certificated take-off mass, sea-level, standard atmospheric conditions, still air and zero runway slope, as shown in the appropriate aeroplane flight manual prescribed by the certificating authority or equivalent data from the aeroplane manufacturer;
"air traffic service" means a flight information service, alerting service, air traffic advisory service, or air traffic control service;
"air traffic service unit" is a generic term meaning variously, air traffic control unit, flight information centre or air traffic services reporting office;
"Aircraft Classification Rating (ACR)" means a number expressing the relative effect of an aircraft on a pavement for a specified standard sub grade category;
"aircraft stand" means a designated area on an apron intended to be used for parking an aircraft;
"appeals tribunal" means the appeals tribunal established under section 79 of the Civil Aviation Act (Cap. 71:01);
"apron" means a defined area, on an aerodrome, intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of loading or unloading of passengers, mail or cargo, fuelling, parking or maintenance;
"apron management service" means a service provided to regulate the activities and the movement of aircraft and vehicles on an apron;
"approach surface" means an inclined plane or combination of planes preceding the threshold;
"arresting system" means a system designed to decelerate an aeroplane overrunning the runway;
"authorised person" means any person authorised by the Authority either generally or in relation to a particular case or class of cases and reference to an authorised person includes references to the holder for the time being of an office designated by the Authority;
"Autonomous Runway Incursion Warning System (ARIWS)" means a system which provides autonomous detection of a potential incursion or of the occupancy of an active runway and a direct warning to a flight crew or a vehicle operator;
"balked landing" means a landing manoeuvre that is unexpectedly discontinued at any point below the obstacle clearance altitude/height (OCA/H);
"balked landing surface" means an inclined plane surface located at a specified distance after the threshold, extending between the inner transitional surface;
"barrette" means three or more aeronautical ground lights closely spaced in a transverse line so that from a distance they appear as a short bar of light;
"calendar" means discrete temporal reference system that provides the basis for defining temporal position to a resolution of one day;
"capacitor discharge lights" means a lamp in which high-intensity flashes of extremely short duration are produced by the discharge of electricity at high voltage through a gas enclosed in a tube;
"clearway" means a defined rectangular area under the control of the appropriate authority selected or prepared as a suitable area over which an aircraft may make a portion of its initial climb to a specified height;
"Commercial Air Transport Operation" means an aircraft operation involving the transport of passengers, cargo or mail for remuneration or hire;
"conical surface" means a surface sloping upwards and outwards from the periphery of the inner horizontal surface;
"controlled aerodrome" means an aerodrome where air traffic services are provided;
"critical aircraft" means the most demanding aircraft with regard to the aircraft performance and dimensions for a range of aircraft, for which the aerodrome facilities is intended;
"Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)" means a mathematical algorithm applied to the digital expression of data that provides a level of assurance against loss or alteration of data;
"dangerous goods" means articles or substances which are capable of posing a risk to health, safety, property or the environment;
"data accuracy" means a degree of conformance between the estimated or measured value and the true value;
"data integrity (assurance level)" means a degree of assurance that an aeronautical data and its value has not been lost nor altered since the data origination or authorised amendment;
"data integrity classification (aeronautical data)" means classification based upon the potential risk resulting from the use of corrupted data;
"data quality" means a degree or level of confidence that the data provided meets the requirements of the data user in terms of accuracy, resolution and integrity;
"datum" means any quantity or set of quantities that may serve as a reference or basis for the calculation of other quantities;
"declared distance" means—
(a) "accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA)" which is the length of the take-off run available plus the length of the stopway, if provided;
(b) "landing distance available (LDA)" which is the length of the runway which is declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aircraft landing;
(c) "take-off distance available (TODA)" which is the length of the take-off run available plus the length of the clearway, if provided;
(d) "take-off run available (TORA)" which is the length of runway declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aircraft taking-off;
"dependent parallel approaches" means simultaneous approaches to parallel or near-parallel instrument runways where radar separation minima between aircraft on adjacent extended runway centrelines are prescribed;
"displaced threshold" means a threshold not located at the extremity of a runway;
"effective intensity" means the effective intensity of a flashing light is equal to the intensity of a fixed light of the same colour which will produce the same visual range under identical conditions of observation;
"ellipsoid height (Geodetic height)" means the height related to the reference ellipsoid, measured along the ellipsoidal outer normal through the point in question;
"field length" means a balanced length for aeroplane, if applicable, or take-off distance in other cases;
"fixed light" means a light having constant luminous intensity when observed from a fixed point;
"Foreign Object Debris (FOD)" means an inanimate object within the movement area which has no operational or aeronautical function and which has the potential to be a hazard to aircraft operations;
"frangible object" means an object of low mass designed to break, distort or yield on impact so as to present the minimum hazard to aircraft;
"geodetic datum" means a minimum set of parameters required to define location and orientation of the local reference system with respect to the global reference system/frame;
"geoid" means the equipotential surface in the gravity field of the earth which coincides with the undisturbed Mean Sea Level extended continuously through the continents;
"geoid undulation" means the distance of the geoid above (positive) or below (negative) the mathematical reference ellipsoid;
"Gregorian calendar" means calendar in general use; first introduced in 1582 to define a year that more closely approximates the tropical year than the Julian calendar (ISO 19108***). (In the Gregorian calendar, common years have 365 days and leap years 366 days divided into twelve sequential months);
"hazard beacon" means an aeronautical beacon used to designate a danger to air navigation;
"heliport" means an aerodrome or a defined area on a structure intended to be used wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of helicopters;
"holding bay" means a defined area where aircraft can be held, or bypassed, to facilitate efficient surface movement of aircraft;
"hot spot" means a location on an aerodrome movement area with a history or potential risk of collision or runway incursion, and where heightened attention by pilots or drivers is necessary;
"human factor principles" means principles which apply to aeronautical design, certification, training, operations and maintenance and which seek safe interface between the human and other system components by proper consideration to human performance;
"human performance" means human capabilities and limitations, which have an impact on the safety and efficiency of aeronautical operations;
"identification beacon" means an aeronautical beacon emitting a coded signal by means of which a particular point of reference can be identified;
"incident" means an occurrence other than an accident associated with the operation of an aircraft, which affects or may affect the safety of operation of aircraft;
"independent parallel approaches" means simultaneous approaches to parallel or near-parallel instrument runways where radar separation minima between aircraft on adjacent extended runway centrelines are not prescribed;
"independent parallel departures" means simultaneous departures from parallel or near-parallel instrument runways;
"inner approach surface" means a rectangular portion surface of the approach surface immediately preceding the threshold;
"inner horizontal surface" means a surface located in a horizontal plane above an aerodrome and its environs;
"inner transitional surface" means a surface similar to the transitional surface but closer to the runway;
"instrument runway" means one of the following types of runways intended for the operation of aircraft using instrument approach procedures—
(a) "non-precision approach runway" means a runway served by visual aid(s) supporting an instrument approach procedure with minima not lower than 75 m (250 ft)minimum descent height (MDH);
(b) "precision approach runway, category I", means a runway served by visual aids and non-visual aid(s) supporting an instrument approach procedure with a decision height (DH) not lower than 60 m (200 ft);
(c) "precision approach runway, category II", means a runway served by visual aids and non-visual aid(s) supporting an instrument approach procedure with a decision height (DH);
(d) "precision approach runway category III" means a runway served by visual aids and non-visual aids supporting an instrument approach operation type B to and along the surface of the runway and with a decision height (DH) lower than 30 m (100 ft), or no decision height. Visual aids need not necessarily be matched to the scale of non-visual aids provided. The criterion for the selection of visual aids are the conditions in which operations are intended to be conducted;
"intermediate holding position" means a designated position intended for traffic control at which taxiing aircraft and vehicles stop and hold until they are cleared to proceed, when so instructed by the aerodrome control tower;
"landing area" means that part of a movement area intended for the landing or take-off of aircraft;
"landing direction indicator" means a device to indicate visually the direction currently designated for landing and take-off;
"laser-beam critical flight zone (LCFZ)" means an airspace in the proximity of an aerodrome but beyond the LFFZ where the irradiance is restricted to a level unlikely to cause glare effects;
"laser-beam free flight zone (LFFZ)" means an airspace in the immediate proximity of the aerodrome where the irradiance is restricted to a level unlikely to cause any visual disruption;
"laser-beam sensitive flight zone (LSFZ)" means an airspace outside, and not necessarily contiguous with, the LFFZ and LCFZ where the irradiance is restricted to a level unlikely to cause flash-blindness or after-image effects;
"licence" means a licence to operate an aerodrome issued by the Authority under Part II of these Regulations;
"lighting system reliability" means the probability that the complete installation operates within the specified tolerances and that the system is operationally usable;
"manoeuvring area" means that part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, excluding aprons;
"marker" means an object displayed above ground level in order to indicate an obstacle or delineate a boundary;
"marking" means a symbol or group of symbols displayed on the surface of the movement area in order to convey aeronautical information;
"movement area" means that part of the aerodrome to be used for take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, consisting of the manoeuvring area and apron;
"near-parallel runways" means non-intersecting runways whose extended centrelines have an angle of convergence/divergence of 15 degrees or less;
"notify" means shown in Aeronautical Information Publications, Aeronautical Information Circulars, NOTAM, civil aviation publications or any other official publication issued for the purpose of enabling any of the provisions of these Regulations to be complied with;
"non-instrument runway" means a runway intended for the operation of aircraft using visual approach procedures;
"normal flight zone (NFZ)" means airspace not defined as LFFZ, LCFZ or LSFZ but which must be protected from laser radiation capable of causing biological damage to the eye;
"obstacle" means any fixed (whether temporary or permanent) and mobile object, or part thereof, that—
(a) is located on an area intended for the surface movement of aircraft; or
(b) extends above a defined surface intended to protect aircraft in flight; or
(c) stands outside those defined surfaces and that has been assessed as being a hazard to air navigation;
"obstacle free zone (OFZ)" means the airspace above the inner approach surface, inner transitional surfaces, the balked landing surface and that portion of the strip bounded by these surfaces, which is not penetrated by any fixed obstacle other than a low-mass and frangibly mounted one required for air navigation purposes;
"obstacle limitation surfaces" means a series of surfaces that define the volume of airspace at and around an aerodrome to be kept free of obstacles in order to permit the intended aircraft operations to be conducted safely and to prevent the aerodrome from becoming unusable by the growth of obstacles around the aerodrome;
"operator" means a person operating an aerodrome licensed or certificated under these Regulations;
"orthometric height" means height of a point related to the geoid, generally presented as an MSL elevation;
"Outer Main Gear Wheel Span (OMGWS)" means the distance between the outside edges of the main gear wheels;
"Pavement Classification rating (PCR)" means a number expressing the bearing strength of a pavement;
"precision approach runway" has the same meaning as assigned to instrument runway;
"primary runway" means runway used in preference to others whenever conditions permit;
"protected flight zones" means an airspace specifically designated to mitigate the hazardous effects of laser radiation;
"recommended practice" means any specification for the physical characteristics configuration, material, performance or procedure, the uniform application of which is recognised as desirable in the interest of safety, regularity or efficiency of international air navigation;
"registration approval" means an approval to operate an aerodrome granted by the Authority under Part V of these Regulations;
"relevant authority" means any authority other than the Civil Aviation Authority whose action may be necessary or complimentary for the implementation of these Regulations;
"road" means an established surface route on the movement area meant for the exclusive use of vehicles;
"road holding position" means a designated position at which vehicles may be required to hold;
"runway" means a defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and take-off of aircraft;
"Runway Condition Assessment Matrix (RCAM)" means a matrix allowing the assessment of the Runway Condition Code, using associated procedures, from a set of observed runway surface condition(s) and pilot report of braking action;
"Runway Condition Code (RWYCC)" means a number describing the runway surface condition to be used in the Runway Condition Report;
"Runway Condition Report (RCR)" means a comprehensive standardised report relating to runway surface conditions and its effect on the aeroplane landing and take-off performance;
"Runway End Safety Area (RESA)" means an area symmetrical about the extended runway centreline and adjacent to the end of the strip primarily intended to reduce the risk of damage to an aircraft undershooting or overrunning the runway;
"runway guard lights" means a light system intended to caution pilots or vehicle drivers that they are about to enter an active runway;
"runway-holding position" means a designated position intended to protect a runway, an obstacle limitation surface, or an Instrument Landing System/Microwave Landing System critical or sensitive area at which taxiing aircraft and vehicles shall stop and hold, unless otherwise authorised by the aerodrome control tower;
"runway strip" means a defined area including the runway and stopway, if provided, intended—
(a) to reduce the risk of damage to aircraft running off a runway; and
(b) to protect aircraft flying over it during take-off or landing operations;
"runway surface condition" means a description of the condition of the runway surface used in the Runway Condition Report which establishes the basis for the determination of the Runway Condition Code for aeroplane performance purposes;
"runway turn pad" means a defined area on a land aerodrome adjacent to a runway for the purpose of completing a 180-degree turn on a runway;
"Runway Visual Range (RVR)" means the range over which a pilot of an aircraft on the centreline of a runway can see the runway surface markings or the lights delineating the runway or identifying its centreline;
"safety" means a state in which the risk of harm to persons or of property damage is reduced to, and maintained at or below unacceptable level through a continuing process or hazard identification and risk management;
"Safety Management System (SMS)" means a systematic approach to managing safety including the necessary organisational structure, accountabilities, policies and procedures;
"segregated parallel operations" means simultaneous operations on parallel or near-parallel instrument runways in which one runway is used exclusively for approaches and the other runway is used exclusively for departures;
"shoulder" means an area adjacent to the edge of a pavement, prepared to provide a transition between the pavement and the adjacent surface;
"sign" means a—
(a) fixed message sign. A sign presenting only one message;
(b) variable message sign. A sign capable of presenting several predetermined messages or no message, as applicable;
"signal area" means an area on an aerodrome used for the display of ground signals;
"standard" means any specification for physical characteristics, configuration, material, performance, personnel or procedure, the uniform application of which is recognised as necessary for the safety of air navigation;
"state safety programme" means an integrated set of regulations and activities aimed at improving safety;
"station declination" means an alignment variation between the zero degree radial of a VOR and true north, determined at the time the VOR station is calibrated;
"stopway" means a defined rectangular area on the ground at the end of the take-off run available, prepared as a suitable area in which an aircraft can be stopped in the case of an abandoned take-off;
"switch-over time (light)" means the time required for the actual intensity of a light measured in a given direction to fall from 50 per cent and recover to 50 per cent during a power supply change-over, when the light is being operated at intensities of 25 per cent or above;
"take-off runway" means a runway intended for take-off only;
"take-off surface" means an inclined plane or other specified surface beyond the end of a runway or clearway;
"taxiway" means a defined path on a land aerodrome established for the taxiing of aircraft and intended to provide a link between one part of the aerodrome and another, including—
(a) aircraft stand taxi lane which is a portion of an apron designated as a taxiway and intended to provide access to aircraft stands only;
(b) apron taxiway which is a portion of a taxiway system located on an apron and intended to provide a through taxi route across the apron; and
(c) rapid exit taxiway which is a taxiway connected to a runway at an acute angle and designed to allow landing aircrafts to turn off at higher speeds than are achieved on other exit taxiways thereby minimising runway occupancy times;
"taxiway intersection" means a junction of two or more taxiways;
"taxiway strip" means an area including a taxiway intended to protect aircraft operating on a taxiway and to reduce the risk of damage to an aircraft accidentally running off the taxiway;
"threshold" means the beginning of that portion of the runway usable for landing;
"touchdown zone" means the portion of a runway beyond the threshold, intended for landing aircraft on first contact with the runway;
"transitional surface" means a complex along the surface side of the strip and part of the approach surface, the slopes upwards and outwards to the inner horizontal surface;
"unserviceable area" means a part of the movement area that is unfit and unavailable for use by aircraft;
"usability factor" means the percentage of time during which the use of a runway or system of runways is not restricted because of the cross-wind component (cross-wind component means the surface wind component at right angles to the runway centreline);
"vicinity" means a defined airspace around an aerodrome for control of obstacles that may infringe the obstacle limitation surfaces around the aerodrome, contained within a radius of sixteen kilometres from the aerodrome reference point up to a height of one thousand five hundred feet above ground level;
"visual traffic pattern" means the aerodrome traffic zone of the aerodrome;
"wheel base" means the distance from the nose gear to the geometric centre of the main gear;
"wildlife" means feral birds and animals, including domestic animals out of the control of their owners; and
"wildlife hazard" means a potential for a damaging aircraft collision with wildlife on or near an aerodrome.
3. Use of common reference systems
(1) The World Geodetic System-1984 (WGS-84) shall be used as the horizontal reference system to express aeronautical geographical co-ordinates for aerodromes.
(2) The Mean Sea Level datum shall be used as the vertical reference system (elevation) at aerodromes.
(3) The Gregorian calendar and Co-ordinated Universal Time shall be used as the temporal reference system except where notified in the Botswana aeronautical information publication or the aeronautical information circular.
(4) The International System of Units developed and maintained by the General Conference of Weights and Measures shall be used as the standard system of units of measurements unless otherwise specified by the Authority.
4. Categories of aerodromes and requirements for operation of aerodromes
A person shall not operate an aerodrome in Botswana unless such person is certified, licensed or registered in accordance with Civil Aviation (Certification and Licensing of Aerodromes) Regulations (Cap. 71:01 (Sub. Leg.)).
PART II
Construction of Aerodromes (regs 5-9)
5. Application for aerodrome establishment certificate
(1) A person shall not construct an aerodrome without a valid aerodrome establishment certificate issued under regulation 6.
(2) An applicant for an aerodrome establishment certificate shall submit to the Authority for approval an application in the prescribed form accompanied by—
(a) a detailed design of the proposed construction including related architectural requirements approved by the relevant authority;
(b) aerodrome data in accordance with the characteristics of the aircraft for which the aerodrome is intended;
(c) a topographical map of the proposed aerodrome site as specified by the Authority indicating contours at one metre intervals; and
(d) proof of payment for inspection fees as set out in Part 1 of Schedule 5, of the Civil Aviation (Certification and Licensing of Aerodromes) Regulations.
(3) An application for an aerodrome establishment certificate shall be considered for approval where the Authority is satisfied that the—
(a) applicant holds proof of ownership or lease hold of the proposed site and a valid authorisation from a relevant authority for use of the place as an aerodrome;
(b) environment impact assessment report in line with the Environmental Impact Assessment Act (Cap. 65:07) is approved by authority responsible for national environment management; and
(c) applicant has obtained a letter of no objection from the Director of Wildlife, land board and tribal authority, where the site is on tribal land or Wildlife and National Park.
(4) The Authority shall, before issuance of an establishment certificate, assess the suitability of the place proposed for construction taking into consideration—
(a) the proximity of the place to other aerodromes and landing areas, including military aerodromes;
(b) obstacles, terrain and existing airspace restrictions; and
(c) that it is not against public interest that the place where the aerodrome is to be constructed shall be used as such.
6. Issuance and validity of aerodrome establishment certificate
(1) The Authority shall issue an establishment certificate in Form P as set out in Schedule 10 to an applicant where the applicant satisfies the requirements in regulation 5 and any other requirements as may be specified by any relevant authority.
(2) An aerodrome establishment certificate shall be valid for a period of two years.
7. Design and construction of aerodromes
(1) An applicant for an establishment certificate shall ensure that the design and construction of an aerodrome is undertaken by a person registered with the relevant professional body.
(2) The Authority shall inspect the site of an aerodrome during construction to ascertain compliance with standards prescribed and the terms of the aerodrome establishment certificate.
(3) An operator shall bear or pay any costs associated in inspection of an aerodrome, in connection with the issuing or renewal of an establishment certificate, licence or permit.
8. Requirements for aerodrome design
(1) An aerodrome design shall—
(a) indicate the physical characteristics in accordance with these Regulations;
(b) indicate the obstacle limitation surfaces;
(c) integrate security measures in accordance with the Civil Aviation (Security) Regulations (Cap. 71:01 (Sub. Leg.)); and
(d) indicate the appropriate equipment and installations.
(2) The physical characteristics, obstacle limitation surfaces, visual aids and equipment and installations, required under subregulation (1) shall—
(a) be appropriate to the critical aircraft characteristics for which the aerodrome intends to serve;
(b) be at the lowest meteorological minima for each runway;
(c) provide ambient light conditions during the operations of aircraft; and
(d) comply with the aerodrome design regulations as set out in Part VII of these Regulations.
(1) An aerodrome reference code comprising of a code number and a code letter shall be used for aerodrome planning.
(2) The Authority shall determine the aerodrome reference code in accordance with the critical aircraft characteristics for which the aerodrome is intended.
(3) The aerodrome reference code numbers and code letters provided for under subregulation (1) shall be determined in accordance with Table S1-1 as set out in Schedule 1.
PART III
Obligations of Aerodrome Operator (regs 10-28)
10. Compliance with conditions
An operator shall comply with conditions, endorsed on a licence, certificate or registration approval granted under these Regulations.
11. Competence of operational and maintenance personnel
(1) An operator shall develop and submit for approval by the Authority, a Task Resource Analysis to ensure that there is an adequate number of operational, qualified and skilled personnel to perform activities for aerodrome operation and maintenance.
(2) An operator shall only employ persons with the required certification as contained in the guidance material provided by the Authority, where the Authority or any other relevant authority requires competence certification for the personnel of an aerodrome.
(3) The provisions of this regulation shall not apply to category 1, 2 and registered aerodromes.
12. Aerodrome operations and maintenance
(1) An operator shall maintain an aerodrome in accordance with the maintenance procedures set out in the aerodrome manual.
(2) The Authority may give written directives to an operator to alter the procedures set out in an aerodrome manual.
(3) An operator shall ensure proper and efficient maintenance of the aerodrome.
(4) An operator of an aerodrome where air traffic services are provided, shall co-ordinate with the air traffic services to ensure the safety of aircraft operating in the airspace, associated with the aerodrome.
(1) An operator shall have a Safety Management System that complies with the requirements specified in the Civil Aviation (Safety Management) Regulations (Cap. 71:01 (Sub. Leg.)).
(2) The provisions of this regulation shall not apply to aerodromes in categories 1, 2 and registered aerodromes.
(3) The Authority may apply the provisions of this regulation to aerodromes in category 2 where it deems it necessary.
14. Storage of inflammable and other dangerous goods
A person shall not store fuel, pyrotechnic materials and other highly flammable or dangerous goods at an aerodrome except with the permission of the Authority and in accordance with these Regulations.
15. Safety measures against fire
(1) A person shall not—
(a) smoke within any place, or bring an open flame into any place, where that act is prohibited by a displayed notice;
(b) smoke within a place where there is no notice prohibiting smoking, or bring an open flame into that place, within a distance of an aircraft or, of any vehicle used for the supply of fuel to an aircraft, or a store, dump, liquid fuel or explosives, as may be determined by the Authority;
(c) wilfully give a false fire alarm;
(d) tamper or interfere with any fire hose reel, hydrant or any other item provided for firefighting purposes;
(e) keep, store, discard or discharge any flammable liquid, gas, signal flares or other like material in an aircraft, except in the receptable appropriate for the purpose or in a place on the aerodrome specifically approved by the aerodrome operator for that purpose; or
(f) store, stack or use any material or equipment in a manner which constitutes or is likely to constitute a fire hazard.
(2) An operator shall display in a conspicuous place appropriate signage in respect to the acts prohibited under subregulation (1).
16. Access to and operations within restricted areas
(1) A person shall not access a restricted area of an aerodrome unless authorised by the operator and subject to such conditions as the operator may impose.
(2) A person authorised to access a restricted area under subregulation (1) shall not—
(a) move an aircraft or a vehicle in the restricted area—
(i) except with the permission and directions issued by the air traffic services personnel, or
(ii) in a manner that endangers the safety of persons and property; or
(b) use a portion of the aerodrome for landing or taking-off, other than the area designated for that purpose.
17. Entry into or exit from restricted areas of aerodrome
(1) A person, aircraft or vehicle shall not enter or exit the restricted area of an aerodrome except through points established by the aerodrome operator for the purpose of the aerodrome.
(2) A person—
(a) other than a person carried in an aircraft or in a vehicle, shall not enter or leave a restricted area of an aerodrome; or
(b) shall not move an aircraft on the surface of an aerodrome or a vehicle into or from the restricted area,
except in an emergency or at a point of entry or exit established by an operator for that purpose.
18. Test-running of aircraft engine
A person may test-run an aircraft engine at an aerodrome, at an approved aircraft maintenance facility of the aerodrome or a place designated for test running by an operator.
19. Prohibited acts on aerodrome
(1) A person shall not, on an aerodrome—
(a) obstruct or interfere with the use of the aerodrome;
(b) obstruct any person executing his or her duties at the aerodrome;
(c) remove or deface any notice, writing, document or marking erected or displayed by the aerodrome operator;
(d) throw, leave or drop anything capable of causing injury to any person or damage to property;
(e) dump any waste matter in an undesignated place; or
(f) dump or spill any substance capable of causing water pollution, whether solid, liquid, vapour, gas or a combination of these in an undesignated place.
(2) A person shall not, unless with the permission of the operator—
(a) interfere or tamper with any part of the aerodrome or any equipment associated with the operation of the aerodrome;
(b) climb any wall, fence, barrier, ceiling, gate or post on an aerodrome;
(c) handle any baggage or carry baggage for a passenger at an aerodrome;
(d) bring a vehicle into or drive into an aerodrome; or
(e) obstruct an entrance to or a passage at an aerodrome in a manner that inconveniences other users of the entrance or passage.
20. Removal of obstructions from aerodrome movement surfaces
An operator shall remove from the aerodrome surface any vehicle or other obstruction that is likely to be hazardous to aircraft operations.
21. Maintenance of environmental management programme
An operator shall—
(a) establish and maintain an aerodrome environmental management programme for the area within the authority of the operator's management and for the area where wildlife presents or is likely to present a hazard to aircraft operations; and
(b) ensure that the environmental management programme established under subregulation (a) minimises the effects of any hazards or potential hazards taking into account the provisions of the laws on environmental management.
22. Protection of navigation aids
An operator shall in consultation with the Authority prevent the—
(a) construction of any facility on the aerodrome, which may adversely affect the operation of any electronic or visual navigation or air traffic service facility on the aerodrome; and
(b) the interruption of visual or electronic signal of navigational aids, as far as it is within the authority of the operator.
23. Responsibilities of operator
(1) An operator shall—
(a) maintain the aerodrome in a serviceable condition, keep the aerodrome free of unauthorised person, vehicles and animals which are not under control or any other obstructions;
(b) mark all obstructions in accordance with any guidelines issued by the Authority;
(c) inform the Authority of any alterations to obstructions or works on the aerodrome;
(d) install approved wind direction indicators to show the surface direction of the wind and ensure that they function satisfactorily;
(e) maintain the prescribed markings in a conspicuous condition and ensure that they are readily visible to aircraft in the air or manoeuvring on the ground;
(f) avail facilities and ensure that they are in serviceable condition and that all apparatus installed function efficiently;
(g) appropriately mark the unserviceable areas on the landing terrain;
(h) inform the Authority where the aerodrome becomes unserviceable through any cause or where any portion of the surface of the landing area deteriorates to such an extent that the safe operation of aircraft may be endangered;
(i) submit to the Authority reports on the condition of the aerodrome as may be required by the Authority;
(j) ensure that organisations performing activities at the aerodrome comply with safety requirements specified by the operator;
(k) report all incidents and accidents at the aerodrome to the Authority; and
(l) require organisations performing activities at the aerodrome to comply with the aerodrome safety management requirements.
(2) An operator shall perform collaboratively between affected stakeholders including the aeroplane operator, ground handling agencies and the air navigation service providers.
(3) An operator and aeroplane operator shall document the introduction of an aeroplane type or subtype, new to the aerodrome and shall follow the following process—
(a) the aeroplane operator submits a request to the aerodrome operator to operate an aeroplane type or subtype to the aerodrome;
(b) the operator identifies possible means of accommodating the aeroplane type or subtype including access to movement areas and, where necessary, considers the feasibility and economic viability of upgrading the aerodrome infrastructure and makes an assessment; and
(c) the operator and aeroplane operator discuss the assessment by the operator and whether operations of the aeroplane type or subtype can be accommodated and, where permitted, under what conditions.
(4) The aerodrome compatibility study shall include the following procedures—
(a) identify the aeroplane's physical and operational characteristics;
(b) identify the applicable regulatory requirements;
(c) establish the adequacy of the aerodrome infrastructure and facilities vis-a-vis the requirements of the new aeroplane;
(d) identify the changes required to the aerodrome; and
(e) perform the required safety assessments identified during the compatibility study.
(5) The result of the compatibility study should enable decisions to be made and provide—
(a) the operator with the information in order to make a decision on—
(i) allowing the operation of the specific aeroplane at the given aerodrome, and
(ii) the changes required to the aerodrome infrastructure and facilities to ensure safe operations at the aerodrome with due consideration to the harmonious future development of the aerodrome;
(b) the State with information necessary for its safety oversight and the continued monitoring of the conditions specified in the aerodrome certification;
(c) the impact of aeroplane characteristics on the infrastructure;
(d) the aeroplane's physical characteristics; and
(e) aeroplane operational characteristics.
24. Inspection of aerodromes and unhindered access by inspectors of Authority
(1) The Authority shall inspect and carry out tests on the aerodrome facilities, services and equipment, inspect documents and records of the aerodrome, verify the Safety Management System of the aerodrome, before an aerodrome licence or certificate is issued or renewed, and subsequently, at any other time, for the purpose of ensuring that safety at the aerodrome is maintained.
(2) The Authority or an inspector shall, for purposes of subregulation (1) have unhindered access to any part of the aerodrome or any aerodrome facility, including personnel.
(1) An operator shall notify and report to the Authority, the air traffic control unit and pilots, information on—
(a) any inaccuracies in the aeronautical information publication;
(b) any changes to the aerodrome facilities, equipment and level of service planned in advance; or
(c) issues that may require immediate notification including obstacles, obstructions and hazards, levels of service, movement areas, and any other condition that affects aviation safety at the aerodrome and against which precautions are warranted.
(2) An operator shall give immediate notice, directly to the pilots where it is not feasible for the operator to arrange for the air traffic control and the flight operations unit to receive notice of the circumstances referred to in subregulation (1)(c).
26. Aerodrome movement area inspections
An operator shall carry out an inspection of the movement area at least—
(a) once a day for aerodromes in categories 1, 2 and 3 and at least twice a day for aerodromes in categories 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10; and
(b) once a week for registered aerodromes.
(1) An operator shall inspect an aerodrome—
(a) as soon as practicable after any accident or incident;
(b) during any period of construction or repair of the aerodrome facilities or equipment that is critical to the safety of aircraft operation; and
(c) where there are conditions at the aerodrome that may affect aviation safety.
(2) An operator shall notify the Authority, within a time determined by the Authority by way of an Advisory Circular, information on any special inspection carried out.
An operator shall, where a low flying aircraft at or near an aerodrome or a taxiing aircraft is likely to be hazardous to people or vehicles—
(a) post hazard warning notices to that effect, on any public way that is adjacent to the manoeuvring area; or
(b) inform the relevant authority where the public way is not controlled by the operator.
PART IV
Aerodrome Data (regs 29-42)
(1) An operator shall—
(a) determine and report aerodrome related aeronautical data in accordance with the accuracy and integrity classification required to meet the needs of the end-user of aeronautical data; and
(b) make available to the aeronautical information services aerodrome mapping data for aerodromes where safety or performance based operations suggest possible benefits.
(2) The selection of the aerodrome mapping features to be collected, where made available in accordance with subregulation (1)(b), be made with consideration of the intended applications.
(3) Any digital data error detection technique shall be used during the transmission and storage of aeronautical data and digital data sets.
(4) The aerodrome mapping data shall be made available to the aeronautical information services for aerodromes deemed relevant by the state where safety and performance base operations suggest possible benefits.
(1) An aerodrome reference point shall be—
(a) established for an aerodrome; and
(b) located near the initial or planned geometric centre of the aerodrome and shall normally remain where first established.
(2) The position of the aerodrome reference point shall be measured and reported to the aeronautical information services authority in degrees, minutes and seconds.
31. Aerodrome and runway elevation
(1) An aerodrome elevation and geoid undulation at the runway aerodrome elevation position shall be measured to the accuracy of one-half elevation metre and reported to the aeronautical information service authority.
(2) An aerodrome used by international civil aviation for non-precision approaches, the elevation and geoid undulation of each threshold, the elevation of the runway end and any significant high or low intermediate points along the runway shall be measured to the accuracy of one-half metre and reported to the aeronautical information services authority.
(3) The elevation and geoid undulation of the threshold, the elevation of the runway end and the highest elevation of the touchdown zone for precision approach runway, shall be measured to the accuracy of one-quarter metre and reported to the aeronautical information services authority.
(4) The geoid undulation must be measured in accordance with the appropriate system of co-ordinates.
32. Aerodrome reference temperature
The aerodrome reference temperature shall be—
(a) determined for an aerodrome in degrees celsius; and
(b) the monthly mean of the daily maximum temperatures for the hottest month of the year, being the month with the highest monthly mean temperature, and the temperature shall be, where possible averaged over a period of years.
33. Aerodrome dimensions and related information
(1) The following data shall be measured or described, as appropriate, for each facility provided on an aerodrome—
(a) runway – true bearing to one-hundredth of a degree, designation number, length, width, displaced threshold location to the nearest metre, slope, surface type, type of runway and, for precision approach runway category 1, the existence of an obstacle free zone when provided;
(b) width to the nearest metre, surface type of the—
(i) strip,
(ii) runway end safety area length, and
(iii) stopway;
(c) arresting system-location, which runway end, and description;
(d) taxiway-designation, width, surface type;
(e) apron-surface type, aircraft stands;
(f) the boundaries of the air traffic control service;
(g) clearway-length to the nearest metre, ground profile;
(h) visual aids for approach procedures, marking and lighting of runways, taxiways and aprons, other visual guidance and control aids on taxiways and aprons, including taxi-holding positions and stop bars, and location and type of visual docking guidance systems;
(i) location and radio frequency of any VOR aerodrome checkpoint;
(j) location and designation of standard taxi-routes; and
(k) distance to the nearest metre of localiser and glide path elements comprising an instrument landing system or azimuth and elevation antenna of a microwave landing system in relation to the associated runway extremities.
(2) The geographical co-ordinates of—
(a) each threshold shall be measured and reported to the aeronautical information service authority in degrees, minutes, seconds and hundredths of seconds;
(b) appropriate taxiway centreline points shall be measured and reported to the aeronautical information service in degrees, minutes, seconds and hundredths of seconds;
(c) each aircraft stand shall be measured and reported to the aeronautical information service in degrees, minutes, seconds and hundredths of seconds; and
(d) obstacles in Area 2, the part within the aerodrome boundary and in Area 3 shall be measured and reported to the aeronautical information service authority in degrees, minutes, seconds and tenths of seconds and in addition, the top elevation, type, marking and lighting, if any of obstacles shall be reported to the aeronautical information services authority.
(1) The bearing strength of a pavement shall be determined by the aircraft for which the pavement is intended for use.
(2) The bearing strength of a pavement intended for aircraft of apron mass greater than 5 700 kg shall be made available using the aircraft classification number, PCR method by reporting the following information—
(a) the PCR;
(b) pavement type for PCR determination;
(c) subgrade strength category;
(d) maximum allowable tyre pressure category or maximum allowable tyre pressure value; and
(e) evaluation method and if necessary, PCRs may be published to an accuracy of one-tenth of a whole number.
(3) The PCR reported shall indicate that an aircraft with an Aircraft Classification Rating (ACR) equal to or less than the reported PCR can operate on the pavement subject to any limitation on the tyre pressure, or aircraft all-up mass for specified aircraft type.
(4) The different PCRs may be reported if the strength of the pavement is subject to significant seasonal variation.
(5) The ACR of an aircraft shall be determined in accordance with the standard procedures associated with the ACR-PCR method.
(6) The behaviour of a pavement shall be classified as equivalent to a rigid or flexible construction, for purposes of determining the ACR.
(7) The information under subregulation (2) shall be reported using the following codes—
|
(a) pavement type for ACR-PCR determination— |
|
|
Pavement type |
Code |
|
(i) rigid pavement, |
R |
|
(ii) flexible pavement; |
F |
|
(b) subgrade strength category— |
|
|
Category |
Code |
|
(i) high strength – characterised by 150 MN/m3 and representing all K values above 120 MN/m3 for rigid pavements and by CBR= 15 and representing all CBR values above 13 for flexible pavements, |
A |
|
(ii) medium strength – characterised by K= 80 MN/m3 and representing a range in K of 60 to 120 MN/m3 for rigid pavements, and by CBR= 10 and representing a range in CBR of 8 to 13 for flexible pavements, |
B |
|
(iii) low strength – characterised by K= 40 MN/m3 and representing a range in K of 25 to 60 MN/m3 for rigid pavements, and by CBR= 6 and representing a range in CBR of 4 to 8 for flexible pavements, and |
C |
|
(iv) ultra low strength – characterised by K= 20 MN/m3 and representing all K values below 25 MN/m3 for rigid pavements, and by CBR= 3 and representing all CBR values below 4 for flexible pavements; |
D |
|
(c) maximum allowable tire pressure category — |
|
|
Tyre pressure category |
Code |
|
(i) unlimited – no pressure limit, |
W |
|
(ii) high-pressure limit to 1.75 MPa, |
X |
|
(iii) Medium-pressure limited to 1.25 MPa, |
Y |
|
(iv) low-pressure limited to 0.50 MPa; |
Z |
|
(d) evaluation method — |
|
|
Method |
Code |
|
(i) technical evaluation – representing a specific study of the pavement characterised and application of pavement behaviour technology, and |
T |
|
(ii) using aircraft experience – representing a knowledge of the specific type and mass of aircraft satisfactorily being supported under regular use. |
U |
(8) The following examples shall be used to illustrate how pavement strength data are reported under the ACR-PCR method—
(a) if the bearing strength of a rigid pavement, resting on a medium strength subgrade, has been assessed by technical evaluation to be PCR 80 and there is no tire pressure limitation, then the reported information would be PCR 80/R/B/W/T;
(b) if the bearing strength of a composite pavement, behaving like a flexible pavement and resting on a high strength subgrade, has been assessed by using aircraft experience to be PCR 50 and the maximum tire pressure allowable is 1.25 MPa, then the reported information would be PCR 50/F/A/Y/U;
(c) if the bearing strength of a flexible pavement, resting on a medium strength subgrade, has been assessed by technical evaluation to be PCR 40 and the maximum allowable tire pressure is 0.80 MPa, then the reported information would be PCR 40/F/B 0.80 MPa/T; and
(d) if a pavement is subject to a B747-400 all-up mass limitation of 390 000kg, then the reported information would include a note to the effect that the reported PCR is subject to a B747-400 all-up mass limitation of 390 000 kg.
(9) A criteria shall be used established to regulate the use of a pavement by aircraft with an ACR higher than the PCR reported for that pavement in accordance with subregulations (2) and (3).
(10) The bearing strength of a pavement intended for aircraft of apron mass equal to or less than 5 700kg shall be made available by reporting the following information—
(d) maximum allowable aircraft mass; and
(b) maximum allowable tyre pressure.
35. Pre-flight altimeter check location
(1) One or more pre-flight altimeter check locations shall be the altimeter check established for an aerodrome.
(2) A pre-flight check location shall be located on an apron to enable an altimeter check to be made prior to obtaining taxi clearance and to eliminate the need for stopping for that purpose after leaving the apron, in which case, an entire apron can serve as a satisfactory altimeter check location.
(3) The elevation of a pre-flight altimeter check location shall be given as the average elevation, rounded to the nearest metre, of the area on which it is located.
(4) The elevation of any portion of a pre-flight altimeter check location shall be within 3 m of the average elevation for that location.
(1) The following distances shall be calculated to the nearest metre for a runway intended for use by international commercial air transport—
(a) take-off run available;
(b) take-off distance available;
(c) accelerate-stop distance available; and
(d) landing distance available.
(2) The declared distances shall be calculated in accordance with Schedule 2 and guidelines determined by the Authority.
37. Condition of movement area and related facilities
(1) Any information on the condition of the movement area and the operational status of related facilities shall be provided to the appropriate aeronautical information services units, and similar information of operational significance to the air traffic service units, to enable those units to provide the necessary information to arriving and departing aircraft and the information shall be kept up-to-date and changes in conditions reported without delay.
(2) The condition of the movement area and the operational status of related facilities shall be monitored, and reports on matters of operational significance affecting aircraft and aerodrome operations shall be provided in order to take appropriate action, particularly in respect of—
(a) construction or maintenance work;
(b) rough or broken surfaces on a runway, a taxiway or an apron;
(c) water on a runway, a taxiway or an apron;
(d) other contaminants on a runway, taxiway or apron such as mud, dust, sand, volcanic ash, oil and rubber;
(e) other temporary hazards, including parked aircraft;
(f) failure or irregular operation of part or all of the aerodrome visual aids; and
(g) failure of the normal or secondary power supply.
(3) The movement area shall, in compliance with subregulation (2), be inspected at least once each day where the code number is 1 or 2 and at least twice each day where the code is number 3 or 4.
(4) Any person assessing and reporting runway surface conditions required in compliance with subregulation (2) shall be trained and competent to meet criteria set by the Authority.
(1) A description of the runway surface conditions shall be made available where water is present on a runway using the following terms—
(a) damp – the surface shows a change of colour due to moisture;
(b) wet – the surface is soaked but there is no standing water;
(c) standing water – for aeroplane performance purposes, a runway where more than 25 per cent of the runway surface area, whether in isolated areas or not, within the required length and width being used is covered by water more than 3 mm deep.
(2) Information that a runway or portion thereof may be slippery when wet shall be made available.
(3) An operator shall notify aerodrome users when the friction level of a paved runway or portion thereof is less than that specified in accordance with these Regulations.
(4) The conducting of a runway surface friction characteristics evaluation programme including determining and expressing the minimum friction level shall be as set out in Schedule 2.
(5) Where an operational runway is contaminated, an assessment of the contaminant depth and coverage over each third of the runway shall be made and reported.
(6) The runway surface condition shall be assessed and reported through a runway condition code (RWYCC) and a description using the following terms—
COMPACTED SNOW
DRY
DRY SNOW
DRY SNOW ON TOP OF COMPACTED SNOW
DRY SNOW ON TOP OF ICE
FROST
ICE
SLUSH
STANDING WATER
WATER ON TOP OF COMPACTED SNOW
WET
WET ICE
WET SNOW
WET SNOW ON TOP OF COMPACTED SNOW
WET SNOW ON TOP OF ICE
CHEMICALLY TREATED
LOOSE SAND
39. Removal of disabled aircraft
(1) An operator shall, on request from aircraft operators, provide the telephone number and email address of the office of the aerodrome co-ordinator responsible for the removal of an aircraft disabled on or adjacent to the movement area.
(2) An operator shall provide information on the capability to remove an aircraft disabled on or adjacent to the movement area and such capability to remove a disabled aircraft may be expressed in terms of the largest type of aircraft which the aerodrome is equipped to remove.
40. Level of protection of rescue and firefighting
(1) An operator shall provide information on the level of protection provided at an aerodrome for aircraft rescue and firefighting purposes.
(2) The level of protection available at an aerodrome shall be expressed in terms of the category of the rescue and firefighting services in accordance with the types and amounts of extinguishing agents available at the aerodrome.
(3) An operator shall, where changes in the level of protection normally available at an aerodrome for rescue and firefighting services occurs, notify the appropriate air traffic service units and aeronautical information services unit to enable those units to provide the necessary information to arriving and departing aircraft.
(4) An operator shall, where the changes in subregulation (3) are collected, notify the appropriate air traffic services units and aeronautical information services.
(5) A change shall be expressed in terms of the new category of the rescue and firefighting services available at the aerodrome.
41. Visual approach slope indicator system
(1) The following information on the visual and slope approach, and slope indicator system installation shall be made available—
(a) the associated runway designation number;
(b) the type of system for an AT-VASIS, PAPI OR APAPI installation, the side of the runway on which the lights are installed;
(c) where the axis of the system is not parallel to the runway centreline, the angle of displacement and the direction of displacement;
(d) the nominal approach slope angle for a T-VASIS or an AT-VASIS this shall be an angle 
according to the formula in Figure S1-23 in Schedule 1 and a PAPI and an APAPI this shall be an angle (B+C) ÷ 2 and (A+B) ÷ 2, respectively as in Figure S1-25; and
(e) the minimum eye height over the threshold of the on-slope signal—
(i) for a T-VASIS or an AT-VASIS this shall be the lower height at which only the wing bar is visible, however, the additional heights at which the wing bar plus one, two or three fly-down light units come into view may also be reported if such information would be beneficial to aircraft using the approach,
(ii) for a PAPI this shall be the setting angle of the third unit from the runway minus 2 minutes and for an APAPI this shall be the setting angle of the unit farther from the runway minus 2 minutes.
42. Co-ordination between aeronautical information services and aerodrome authorities
(1) An arrangement shall be made between aeronautical information services and aerodrome authorities responsible for aerodrome services to ensure that aeronautical information services units obtain information to enable them to provide up-to-date pre-flight information and to meet the need for in-flight information with minimum delay and—
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