CIVIL AVIATION: SUBSIDIARY LEGISLATION: CIVIL AVIATION (COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS) REGULATIONS
(section 89)
(21st June, 2022)
ARRANGEMENT OF REGULATIONS
REGULATION
PART I
Preliminary Provisions
1. Citation
2. Interpretation
3. Application
PART II
General Requirements
4. Requirements for communication facility
5. Certification of air navigation service provider
6. Approval requirement
7. Inspection and audit
8. Siting and installation
9. Commissioning requirement
10. Availability and reliability of communication facility
11. Interface arrangement for support services
12. Record keeping and documentation
13. Operations manual
14. Periodic inspection, testing and security of communication facility
15. Flight inspection and facility check after accident or incident
16. Radio frequency management and interference reporting
17. CNS personnel training and other requirements
18. Facility malfunction incident reporting and operational status of communication systems
19. Safety case, notification of communication facility status and interruption to service
PART III
Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN)
20. General requirements for the transmission of ATN to operating agencies
21. General requirements for ATN
PART IV
ATN Application Requirements
22. ATN system application requirements
23. Air-ground applications requirements
24. Ground-ground applications requirements
PART V
ATN Communications Service Requirements
25. ATN/IPS upper layer communications service requirements
26. ATN/OSI upper layer communications service requirements
27. ATN/IPS communications service requirements
28. ATN/OSI communications service requirements
29. ATN naming and addressing requirements
30. ATN security requirements
PART VI
Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite (Route) Service (AMS(R)S)
31. Aeronautical mobile-satellite route service radio frequency characteristics
PART VII
Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite Route Service Frequency Bands Characteristics
32. Frequency bands
33. Emissions
34. Interference to other AMS(R)S equipment
35. Susceptibility
36. Priority and pre-emptive access
37. Signal acquisition and tracking
PART VIII
Performance Requirements
38. Designated operational coverage
39. Failure notification
40. AES requirements
41. AES and GES origination call processing delay
42. Packet data service interface
43. Packet data service performance
44. Delay
45. Delay parameters
46. Call processing delay
47. Voice service performance
48. Voice quality
49. Voice capacity
50. AMS(R)S security requirements
51. System interfaces
PART IX
Secondary Surveillance Radar Mode S Air-Ground Data Link Communication
52. Mode S air-ground data link communication
PART X
Very High Frequency Air-Ground Digital Link (VDL)
53. Radio channels and functional channels
54. System capabilities
55. Air-ground VHF digital link communications system characteristics
56. System characteristics of ground installations for VHF air-ground digital link communication
57. System characteristics of aircraft installation
58. Physical layer protocols and services
59. Link layer protocols and services
60. Subnetwork layer protocols and services
61. VDL mobile subnetwork dependent convergence function
62. VDL Mode 3 subnetwork dependent convergence function (SNDCF)
63. Voice unit for Mode 3 services
64. Voice unit for Mode 3 speech encoding, parameters and procedures
65. VDL Mode 4 radio channels
66. VDL Mode 4 system capabilities
67. Co-ordination of channel utilisation
68. Physical layer protocols and services
PART XI
Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System (AeroMACS)
69. AeroMACS general requirements
70. Radio frequency (RF) general characteristics
71. Radio frequency (RF) bands
72. Radiated power
73. Minimum receiver sensitivity
74. Spectral mask and emissions
75. Frequency tolerance
76. AeroMACS communications service provider
77. Doppler shift
78. Integrity
79. AeroMACS security requirements
80. System interface
81. Application requirements
PART XII
Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network (AFTN)
82. Characteristics of Interregional Aeronautical Fixed Service (AFS) circuits
83. Technical provisions relating to international ground-ground data interchange at medium and higher signalling rates
84. Aircraft addressing system
PART XIII
Point-to-Multipoint Communications
85. Service via satellite for dissemination of aeronautical information
86. Service via satellite for dissemination of World Area Forecast System (WAFS) products
PART XIV
High Frequency Data Link (HFDL) System
87. System architecture
88. Aircraft and ground station subsystems
89. Operational coverage
90. Requirements for carriage of HFDL equipment
91. Ground station networking
92. Ground station synchronisation
93. Quality of service
94. HF data link protocol
95. Ground management subsystem
PART XV
Universal Access Transceiver (UAT)
96. Universal access transceiver system characteristics of aircraft and ground stations
97. Mandatory carriage requirements
PART XVI
Aeronautical Mobile Service
98. Air-ground VHF communication system characteristics
99. Single Side Band (SSB) HF communication system characteristics
100. Selective Calling System (SELCAL)
PART XVII
Aeronautical Speech Circuits
101. Technical provisions relating to international aeronautical speech circuit switching and signalling for ground-ground applications
PART XVIII
Emergency Locator Transmitter for Search and Rescue
102. Operating frequencies
103. Emergency Locator Transmitters register
104. Specification for 121.5 MHz component of Emergency Locator Transmitter
105. Specification for 406 MHz component of Emergency Locator Transmitter
106. Transmitter identification coding
PART XIX
Exemptions
107. Application requirements for exemption
108. Review and publication of application
109. Evaluation of application
PART XX
General Provisions
110. Drug and alcohol testing and reporting
111. Reports of violation
112. Failure to comply with direction
113. Aeronautical fees
PART XXI
Offences, Penalties and Appeals
114. Contravention of Regulations
115. Offences and penalties
116. Appeals
S.I. 77, 2022.
PART I
Preliminary Provisions (regs 1-3)
These Regulations may be cited as the Civil Aviation (Communication Systems) Regulations.
In these Regulations, unless the context otherwise requires—
"Aerodrome" means a defined area on land or water including any buildings, installations and equipment intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft;
"AeroMACS downlink (DL)" means the transmission direction from the Base station (BS) to the Mobile station (MS);
"AeroMACS handover" means the process in which a Mobile station (MS) migrates from the air-interface provided by one Base station (BS) to another air-interface which is provided by another BS;
"AeroMACS uplink (UL)" means the transmission of the direction from the Mobile station (MS) to the Base station (BS);
"Aeronautical Administrative Communications (AAC)" means communications necessary for the exchange of aeronautical administrative messages;
"Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System (AeroMACS)" means a high capacity data link which supports mobile and fixes communications on the aerodrome surface;
"Aeronautical Operational Control (AOC)" means communication required for the exercise of the authority over the initiation, continuation, diversion or termination of the flight for safety, regularity and efficiency purposes;
"Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN)" means a global internetwork architecture that allows ground, air-ground and avionic data subnetworks to exchange digital data for the safety of air navigation and for the regular, efficient and economic operation of the Air traffic services;
"air navigation services" includes the following services provided for air navigation—
(a) Air traffic services;
(b) Instrument Flight Procedure Design Services (IFPD);
(c) Aeronautical Information Services (AIS);
(d) aeronautical cartographic services;
(e) aeronautical telecommunication services; and
(f) search and rescue services;
"air navigation services provider (ANSP)" means an entity which is established for the purpose of providing the above-mentioned services of the air navigation services as provided in these Regulations;
"Air traffic safety electronics personnel (ATSEP)" means a person who is engaged directly with the operations, maintenance and installation activities of the CNS/ATM systems;
"Air traffic service" means a generic term referring to the flight information service including—
(a) alerting service;
(b) air traffic advisory service;
(c) air traffic control service;
(d) area control service;
(e) approach control service; or
(f) aerodrome control service;
"Aircraft address" means a unique combination of 24 bits available for sending communication information to the aircraft for the purpose of air-ground communications, navigation and surveillance;
"Aircraft data circuit-terminating equipment (ADCE)" means an aircraft specific data circuit-terminating equipment that is associated with an airborne data link processor (ADLP), that operates a protocol unique to Mode S data link for data transfer between air and ground;
"aircraft data link processor (ADLP)" means an aircraft-resident processor that is specific for a particular air-ground data link being the Mode S which provides the channel management, segments or reassemble the messages for transfer which is connected to one side of the aircraft elements common to all data link systems and to the other side of the air-ground link itself;
"Aircraft earth station (AES)" means a mobile earth station in the aeronautical mobile-satellite service located on the board of the aircraft;
"aircraft or vehicle" means a machine or the device capable of atmospheric flight, or a vehicle on the airport surface movement area including runways and taxiways;
"air-initiated protocol" means a procedure initiated by a Mode S aircraft installation for delivering a standard length or extended length downlink message to the ground;
"application entity (AE)" means an AE which represents a set of international organisation for standardisation or Open System Interconnection communication capabilities of a particular application process;
"Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN) or Internet Protocol Suite" means Aeronautical Telecommunication Network or Internet Protocol Suite;
"Aeronautical Telecommunication Network end-system" means an Aeronautical Telecommunication Network host in the Internet Protocol Suite terminology;
"Aeronautical Telecommunication Network host" means an Aeronautical Telecommunication Network end-system in the Open System Interconnection terminology;
"Aeronautical Telecommunication Network Security services" means a set of information which allows the receiving end system or intermediate system to identify unambiguous security source of the received information and to verify the integrity of that information;
"Aeronautical Telecommunication Services Inter-Facility Data Communication (AIDC)" means an automated data exchange between Air traffic services units in the support of the flight notification, co-ordination, transfer of control and of communication;
"Aeronautical Telecommunication Services Message Handling Service (ATSMHS)" means an Aeronautical Telecommunication Network application consisting of the procedures used to exchange Aeronautical Telecommunication Services messages in store-and-forward mode over the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network such that the transfer of an Aeronautical Telecommunication Services message is in general not correlated with the transfer of another Aeronautical Telecommunication Services message service provider;
"Aeronautical Telecommunication Services Message Handling System (AMHS)" means the set of the computing and communication resources implemented by Aeronautical Telecommunication Services organisations to provide the Aeronautical Telecommunication Services Message Handling Service;
"authorised path" means a communication path suitable for a given message category;
"automatic dependent surveillance-contract (ADS-C)" means an ADS-C agreement which would be used as an exchange between the ground system and the aircraft, via a data link, specifying under which conditions ADS-C reports would be initiated, and what data would be contained in the reports;
"automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B)" means the way in which the aircraft, aerodrome vehicles and other objects can automatically transmit or receive data such as identification, position and additional data, as appropriate, in a broadcast mode via a data link;
"automatic terminal information service (ATIS)" means the automatic provision of current, routine information to arriving and departing aircraft throughout 24 hours or a specified portion thereof;
"Base station (BS)" means a generalised equipment set providing connectivity, management, and control of the Mobile station (MS);
"BDS Comm-B Data Selector" means the eight-bit BDS code that determines the register whose contents are to be transferred in the MB field of a comm-B reply which is expressed in two groups of four bits each, BDS1 of most significant four bits and BDS2 least significant four bits;
"bit error rate (BER)" means the number of bit errors in a sample divided by the total number of bits in the sample, generally averaged over many such samples;
"break-before-make AeroMACS handover" means where the service with the target Base station starts after a disconnection of the service with the previous serving Base station;
"broadcast" means a transmission of information relating to air navigation that is not addressed to a specific station or stations;
"burst profile" means a set of parameters that describe the uplink or downlink transmission properties associated with an interval usage code and each profile contains parameters such as modulation type, forward error correction (FEC) type, preamble, length, guard times;
"burst" means a time defined, contiguous set of one or more related signal units which may transfer user information and protocols, signalling any necessary preamble;
"capability report" means information identifying whether the transponder has a data link capability as reported in the capability field of an all-call reply or squitter transmission;
"carrier-to-multipath ratio (C/M)" means the ratio of the carrier power received directly without reflection to the multipath power carrier received via reflection;
"carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/No)" means the ratio of the total carrier power to the average noise power in a 1 Hz band-width, usually expressed in dBHz;
"channel rate accuracy" means the relative accuracy of the clock to which the transmitted channel bits are synchronised at a channel rate of 1.2 kbits/s, maximum error of one part in 106 implies the maximum allowed error in the clock is ±1.2 x 10-3Hz;
"channel rate" means the rate at which bits are transmitted over the Radio Frequency channel and these bits include those bits used for framing and error correction, as well as the information bits for burst transmission and the channel rate refers to the instantaneous burst rate over the period of the burst;
"circuit mode" means a configuration of the communications network which gives the appearance to the application of a dedicated transmission path;
"close-out" means a command from Mode S interrogator that terminates Mode S link layer communication transaction;
"cluster of interrogators" means two or more interrogators with the same interrogator identifier (II) code, operating co-operatively to ensure that there is no interference to the required surveillance and data link performance of each of the interrogators in areas of common coverage;
"coded chip" means a "1" or "0" output of the rate ½ or ¼ convolutional code Encoder;
"comm-A" means a 112-bit interrogation containing the 56-bit MA message field which is used by the uplink standard length message (SLM) and the broadcast protocols;
"comm-B" means a 112-bit reply containing the 56-bit MB message field which is used by the downlink SLM, ground-initiated and broadcast protocols;
"comm-C" means a 112-bit interrogation containing the 80-bit MC message field which is used by the uplink extended Length message (ELM) protocol;
"comm-D" means a 112-bit reply containing the 80-bit MD message field which is used by the downlink ELM protocol;
"CNS" means Communication, Navigations and Surveillance;
"connection" means a logical association between peer-level entities in a communication system;
"connection establishment delay" means connection establishment delay as defined in ISO 8348 and it includes a component attributable to the subnetwork (SN) service user which is the time between the SN-CONNECT indication and the SN-CONNECT response and this user component is due to work outside the boundaries of the satellite subnetwork and is therefore excluded from the AMS(R)S specifications;
"controller pilot data link communications (CPDLC)" means communication between a controller and the pilot, using data link for ATC communications;
"Convolutional turbo codes (CTC)" means type of forward error collection (FEC) code;
"COSPAS-SARSAT" means Space System for Search of vessels in distress, Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking;
"current slot" means the slot in which a received transmission begins;
"data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE)" means a DCE network provider equipment used to facilitate communications between DTEs;
"data link capability report" means information in a comm-B reply which identifies the complete Mode S communications capabilities of the aircraft installation;
"data link entity (DLE)" means a protocol State machine capable of setting up and managing a single data link connection;
"data link flight information services (D-FIS)" means the provision of FIS via data link;
"data link initiation capability (DLIC)" means a data link application that provides the ability to exchange addresses, names and version numbers necessary to initiate data link applications;
"data link service (DLS) sub-layer" means the sub-layer that resides above the MAC sub-layer and the VDL Mode 4 whereby the DLS sub-layer resides above the VSS sub-layer of which the DLS manages to transmit the queue, creates and destroys DLEs for connection oriented communications and provides facilities for the link management entity to manage the DLS and facilities for connectionless communications;
"data link-automatic terminal information service (D-ATIS)" means the provision of ATIS via data link;
"data signalling rate" means data signalling rate referring to the passage of information per unit of time, and is expressed in bits or seconds which is given by the formula—
where m is the number of parallel channels, Ti is the minimum interval for the ith channel expressed in seconds, ni is the number of significant conditions of the modulation in the ith channel;
"data terminal equipment (DTE)" means an endpoint of a subnetwork connection;
"data transfer delay, 95th percentile" means the statistical distribution of delays for which data transit delay is the average;
"data transit delay" means the average value of the statistical distribution of data delays in accordance with ISO 8348 which delay represents the subnetwork delay and does not include the connection establishment delay;
"degree of standardised test distortion" means the degree of distortion of the restitution measured during a specific period of time when the modulation is perfect and corresponds to a specific text;
"designated operational coverage (DOC) area" means the area in which a particular service is provided and in which the service is afforded frequency protection;
"direct link service" means a data communications service which makes no attempt to automatically correct errors, detected or undetected, at the link layer of the air-ground communications path whereby error control may be effected by end-user systems;
"directory service (DIR)" means a service based on the ITU-T X.500 series of recommendations, providing access to and management of structured information relevant to the operation of the ATN and its users;
"domain" means a set of end systems and intermediate systems that operate according to the same routing procedures and that is wholly contained within a single administrative domain;
"doppler shift" means the frequency shift observed at a receiver due to any relative motion between transmitter and receiver;
"downlink ELM (DELM)" means extended length downlink communications by means of 112-bit Mode S Comm-D replies, each containing the 80-bit comm-D message field (MD);
"downlink" means a term referring to the transmission of data from an aircraft to the ground of which Mode S air-to-ground signals are transmitted on the 1 090 MHz reply frequency channel;
"effective margin" means that margin of an individual apparatus which could be measured under actual operating conditions;
"end-to-end" means pertaining or relating to an entire communication path, typically from the interface between the—
(a) information source and the communication system at the transmitting end to; and
(b) communication system and the information user or processor or application at the receiving end;
"end-user" means an ultimate source and/or consumer of information;
"energy per symbol to noise density ratio (Es/No)" means the ratio of the average energy transmitted per channel symbol to the average noise power in a 1 Hz bandwidth, usually expressed in dB and for A-BPSK and A-QPSK, one channel symbol refers to one channel bit;
"equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP)" means the product of the power supplied to the antenna and the antenna gain in a given direction relative to an isotropic antenna, absolute or isotropic gain;
"extended Golay Code" means an error correction code capable of correcting multiple bit errors;
"extended Length message (ELM)" means a series of comm-C interrogations uplink ELM transmitted without the requirement for intervening replies, or a series of comm-D replies downlink ELM transmitted without intervening interrogations;
"flight information service (FIS)" means a service provided for the purpose of giving advice and information that is useful for the safe and efficient conduct of the flights;
"forward error correction (FEC)" means the process of adding redundant information to the transmitted signal in a manner which allows correction at the receiver of the errors incurred in the transmission;
"frame" means the link layer frame composed of a sequence of address, control, FCS and information fields and for VDL Mode 2, of which these fields are bracketed by opening and closing flag sequences, and a frame may or may not include a variable-length information field;
"frequency assignment" means a logical assignment of the centre frequency and channel bandwidth programmed to the Base station (BS);
"gain-to-noise temperature ratio" means the ratio, usually expressed in dB/K, of the antenna gain to the noise at the receiver output of the antenna subsystem which noise is expressed as the temperature that a 1 ohm resistor must be raised to produce the same noise power density;
"gaussian filtered frequency shift keying (GFSK)" means a continuous-phase, frequency shift keying technique using two tones and a Gaussian pulse shape filter;
"general formatter/manager (GFM)" means the aircraft function responsible for—
(a) formatting messages to be inserted in the transponder registers; and
(b) detecting and handling error conditions such as the loss of input data;
"global signalling channel (GSC)" means a channel available on a worldwide basis which provides for communication control;
"ground data circuit-terminating equipment (GDCE)" means a ground specific data circuit-terminating equipment associated with a ground data link processor (GDLP) which operates a protocol unique to Mode S data link for data transfer between air and ground;
"ground data link processor (GDLP)" means a ground-resident processor that is specific to a particular air-ground data link for Mode S, which provides channel management and segments or reassembles messages for transfer and is connected on one side by means of its data circuit-terminating equipment to the ground elements common to all data link systems, and on the other side to the air-ground link itself;
"ground earth station (GES)" means an earth station in the fixed satellite service, or, in some cases, in the aeronautical mobile-satellite service, located at a specified fixed point on land to provide a feeder link for the aeronautical mobile satellite service;
"ground-initiated Comm-B (GICB)" means the ground-initiated Comm-B protocol that allows the interrogator to extract comm-B replies containing data from a defined source in the MB field;
"ground-initiated protocol" means a procedure initiated by a Mode S interrogator for delivering standard length or extended Length messages to a Mode S aircraft installation;
"hands-off" means those connections which manages the media access control sub-layer and physical layer of which an aircraft LME tracks how well it can communicate with the ground stations of a single ground system, an aircraft VME instantiates an LME for each ground station that it monitors while the ground VME instantiates an LME for each aircraft that it monitors and an LME is deleted when communication with the peer system is no longer viable;
"HFDL" means High Frequency Data Link;
"high frequency network protocol data unit (HFNPDU)" means user data packet;
"high performance receiver" means a Universal Access Transmitter receiver with enhanced selectivity to improve the rejection of adjacent frequency DME interference;
"link layer" means the layer that lies immediately above the physical layer in the Open Systems Interconnection protocol model that provides for the reliable transfer of information across the physical media and is subdivided into the data link sub-layer and the media access control sub-layer;
"link management entity (LME)" means a protocol State machine capable of acquiring, establishing and maintaining a connection to a single peer system which establishes data link and subnetwork connections;
"link protocol data unit (LPDU)" means data unit which encapsulates a segment of an HFNPDU;
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