CIVIL AVIATION: SUBSIDIARY LEGISLATION: CIVIL AVIATION (PERSONNEL LICENSING) (FLIGHT CREW) REGULATIONS
(section 89)
(22nd February, 2013)
ARRANGEMENT OF REGULATIONS
REGULATION
PART I
Preliminary
1. Citation
2. Interpretation
PART II
General Requirements for Licences and Ratings
3. Licences
4. Ratings
5. General requirements for licences and ratings
6. Authorisations
7. Endorsements
8. Medical certificates
9. Privileges of holder of licence, etc.
9A. Specifications for licences
10. Age restrictions
11. Language proficiency
11A. Validity of medical assessment
PART III
Recognition of Military Competency
12. Application by military pilot
13. Military pilot tests
14. Military parachute rigger
PART IV
Validation, Conversion and Authorisations of Foreign Licences
15. Validation of foreign pilot licence
16. Application for validation of foreign pilot licence
17. Issue of validation certificate
17A. Privileges and limitations of validation certificate
18. Conversion of foreign pilot licence
19. Validation of leased, chartered aircraft, etc.
20. Temporary validation of manufacturer pilot licence
PART V
Training and Testing Requirements
21. Record of training and aeronautical experience
22. Training by Approved Training Organisation
23. Use of flight simulation training device
24. Time and place for knowledge and skills tests
25. Prerequisite and passing grades
26. Retesting after failure
27. Reliance on training and testing of another State
28. Requirements for instructor training
29. Exemption of instructors, etc.
30. Designated examiner's certificate
PART VI
Variation, Suspension and Revocation of Licence, Rating, Authorisation or Certificate
31. Variation or suspension of licence, rating, authorisation or certificate
32. Surrender of licence
33. Limited variation or suspension
34. Lifting of variation or suspension
35. Revocation of licence, rating, authorisation or certificate
PART VII
Crediting of Flight Timefor Pilots
36. Credit for solo or dual instruction flight time for pilot-in- command
37. Credit for acting as co-pilot in single pilot aircraft
38. Credit for acting as co-pilot in aircraft operated with co-pilot
39. Credit for pilot-in-command under supervision
40. Limitations of privileges of pilots of age of 60 years
41. Recent experience and currency requirements
42. Limitations on night passenger aircraft
43. Limitations due to weather conditions
44. Recording of flight time
PART VIII
Category Ratings
45. Aircraft category rating
46. Issue of category rating
47. Issue of additional category rating
48. Privileges of category rating
49. Duration of category rating
PART IX
Class Ratings
50. Aircraft class rating
51. Issue of class rating
52. Issue of additional class rating
53. Privileges for class rating
54. Duration of class rating
55. Renewal of single-engine class rating
56. Renewal of multi-engine class rating
57. Proficiency check for class rating
58. Proficiency check for expired class rating
PART X
Type Rating
59. Aircraft type rating
60. Requirements for type rating
61. Privileges of type rating
62. Duration and renewal of type rating
63. Re-issue of type rating
PART XI
Category II and III Authorisation
64. Issue of category II and III pilot authorisation
65. Requirements for category II and III authorisation
66. Experience for category II and III authorisation
67. Flight instruction for category II and III authorisation
68. Skills test for category II and III authorisation
69. Duration and renewal of category II and III authorisation
70. Re-issue of category II and III authorisation
71. Complex aeroplane endorsement
72. High performance aeroplane endorsement
73. High altitude aircraft endorsement
PART XII
Student Pilot Licence
74. Student pilot licence
75. Application for student pilot licence
76. Issue of student pilot licence
77. Pre-solo flight for student pilot
78. Solo flight for student pilot
78A. Privileges and limitations of student pilot
79. Duration of student pilot licence
PART XIII
Private Pilot Licence
80. Private pilot licence
81. Application for private pilot licence
82. Experience required for private pilot licence
83. Flight instruction for private pilot licence
84. Issue of private pilot licence
85. Conditions of issue of private pilot licence
86. Duration of private pilot licence
PART XIV
Commercial Pilot Licence
87. Commercial pilot licence
88. Application for commercial pilot licence
89. Experience required for commercial pilot licence
90. Flight instruction for commercial pilot licence
91. Issue of commercial pilot licence
92. Privileges of commercial pilot licence
93. Duration for commercial pilot licence
PART XV
Multi-crew Pilot Licence
94. Multi-crew pilot licence
95. Application for multi-crew pilot licence
96. Experience required for multi-crew pilot licence
96A. Flight instruction for multi-crew pilot licence
96B. Skills requirements for multi-crew licence
97. Issue of multi-crew pilot licence
97A. Privileges of multi-crew pilot licence
98. Duration of multi-crew pilot licence
PART XVI
Airline Transport Pilot Licence
99. Airline transport pilot licence
100. Application for airline transport pilot licence
101. Experience required for airline transport pilot licence
102. Flight instruction for airline transport pilot licence
103. Issue of airline transport pilot licence
104. Privileges of airline transport pilot licence
105. Duration of airline transport pilot licence
PART XVII
Instrument Rating
106. Instrument rating
107. Knowledge required for instrument rating
108. Knowledge testing for instrument rating
109. Experience required for instrument rating
110. Privileges of instrument rating
111. Flight instruction for instrument rating
112. Duration and renewal of instrument rating
PART XVIII
Flight Instructor Rating and Flight Instructor Authorisation
113. Flight instructor rating
114. Application for flight instructor rating
115. Knowledge required for flight instructor rating
116. Instructions for flight instructor rating
117. Skills test for flight instructor rating
118. Privileges and limitations
119. Duration and renewal for flight instructor rating
120. Re-issue of flight instructor rating
121. Flight instructor records
122. Limitations on endorsements
123. Training in multi-engine aeroplane or helicopter
124. Training first-time flight instructor
125. Category II and category III flight instructions
PART XIX
Ground Instructor Rating
129. Ground instructor rating
130. Application for ground instructor rating
131. Privileges for ground instructor rating
132. Recent experience for ground instructor rating
PART XX
Designated Pilot Examiner Certificate
133. Designated pilot examiner certificate
134. Application for designated pilot examiner certificate
135. Experience required for private pilot examiner certificate
136. Experience required for commercial pilot examiner certificate
137. Experience required for airline transport pilot examiner certificate
138. Experience for flight instructor examiner certificate
139. Knowledge required for designated pilot examiner certificate
140. Skills test for designated pilot examiner certificate
141. Recent experience for designated pilot examiner certificate
142. Privileges for designated pilot examiner certificate
143. Duration and renewal of designated pilot examiner certificate
144. Additional designations
PART XXA
General Provisions
144A. Possession of licence
144B. Use of psychoactive substances
144C. Drug and alcohol testing
144D. lnspection of licences, etc.
144E. Change of name and address
144F. Replacement of licence, etc.
145. Penalties
146. Transitional provisions
147. Savings
SCHEDULE
S.I. 9, 2013,
S.I. 29, 2022.
PART I
Preliminary (regs 1-2)
These Regulations may be cited as the Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) (Flight Crew) Regulations.
In these Regulations unless the context otherwise requires—
"accredited medical conclusion" means the conclusion reached by one or more medical experts accredited by the Authority for the purposes of the case concerned;
"aeronautical experience" means pilot time obtained in an aircraft or approved flight simulation training device for meeting the training and flight time requirements of these Regulations;
"aeroplane" means a power-driven heavier than-air-aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remains fixed under given conditions of flight;
"airframe" means the fuselage, booms, nacelles, cowlings, fairings, airfoil surfaces including rotors, but excluding propellers and rotating airfoils of a powerplant, and landing gear of an aircraft and their accessories and controls;
"appliance" means an instrument, mechanism, equipment, part, apparatus, appurtenance or accessory, including communications equipment, that is used or intended to be used in operating or controlling an aircraft in flight, is installed in or attached to the aircraft and is not part of an airframe, powerplant or propeller;
"approved maintenance organisation" means an organisation approved by the Authority to perform specific aircraft maintenance activities including the inspection, overhaul, maintenance, repair or modification and release to service of aircraft or aircraft component;
"approved training" means training conducted under curricula and supervision approved by the Authority and in the case of a flight crew member means training conducted by an Approved Training Organisation;
"Approved Training Organisation" means an organisation approved by and operating under the supervision of a Contracting State in accordance with the requirements of the Civil Aviation (Approved Training Organisation) Regulations to perform an approved training;
"authorised instructor" means a person who—
(a) holds a valid and current ground or flight instructor rating issued under these Regulations for conducting ground training or flight training; or
(b) is authorised by the Authority to provide ground training, flight training, or other training under these Regulations and the Civil Aviation (Approved Training Organisations) Regulations;
"cabin crew member" means a crew member who performs, in the interest of safety of passengers, duties assigned by the operator or the pilot-in- command of the aircraft, but who shall not act as a flight crew member;
"category I operations" means a precision instrument approach and landing with a decision height not lower than 60 m (200 ft) and with either a visibility not less than 800 m or Runway Visual Range (RVR) not less than 550 m;
"category II operations" means a precision instrument approach and landing with a decision height lower than 60 m (200 ft), but not lower than 30 m (100 ft) and a RVR not less than 350 m;
"complex aeroplane" means an aeroplane that has retractable landing gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller; or in the case of a seaplane, flaps and a controllable pitch propeller;
"Contracting State" means a State that is a signatory to the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention);
"course" means a programme of instruction to obtain a licence, rating, qualification, authorisation or current experience required under these Regulations;
"critical engine" means the engine whose failure would most adversely affect the performance or handling qualities of an aircraft;
"cross country flight" means any flight during the course of which the aircraft is more than 30 NM from the aerodrome of departure;
"examiner" means a person authorised by the Authority to conduct a pilot proficiency test, a practical test for a licence or rating, or a knowledge test under these Regulations;
"flight plan" means specified information provided to air traffic services units, relative to an intended flight or portion of a flight of an aircraft;
"flight simulation training device" means any one of the following three types of apparatus in which flight conditions are simulated on the ground—
(a) a simulation flight trainer which provides an accurate representation of the cockpit of a particular aircraft type to the extent that the mechanical, electrical, electronic, aircraft systems control functions, the normal environment of flight crew members and the performance and flight characteristics of that type of aircraft are realistically simulated;
(b) a flight procedures trainer, which provides a realistic cockpit environment, and which simulates instrument responses, simple control functions of mechanical, electrical, electronic, aircraft systems and the performance and flight characteristics of aircraft of a particular class; or
(c) a basic instrument flight trainer, which is equipped with appropriate instruments, and which simulates the cockpit environment of an aircraft in flight in instrument flight conditions;
"flight time" means—
(a) for an aeroplane or glider, the total time from the moment an aeroplane or a glider moves for the purpose of taking off until the moment it finally comes to rest at the end of the flight and it is synonymous with the term "block to block" or "chock to chock" time in general usage which is measured from the time an aeroplane first moves for the purpose of taking off until it finally stops at the end of the flight;
(b) for a helicopter, the total time from the moment a helicopter rotor blades start turning until the moment a helicopter comes to rest at the end of the flight and the rotor blades are stopped; or
(c) for an airship or free balloon, the total time from the moment an airship or free balloon first becomes detached from the surface until the moment when it next becomes attached thereto or comes to rest thereon;
"glider" means a non-power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces, which remain fixed under given conditions of flight;
"heavier-than-air aircraft" means an aircraft deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic forces;
"human performance" means human capabilities and limitations which have an impact on the safety and efficiency of aeronautical operations;
"instrument approach procedure" means a series of predetermined manoeuvres by reference to flight instruments with specified protection from obstacles from the initial approach fix, or where applicable, from the beginning of a defined arrival route to a point from which a landing can be completed and thereafter; and if a landing is not completed, to a position at which holding or enroute obstacle clearance criteria apply;
"instrument ground time" means the time during which a pilot is practicing, on the ground, simulated instrument flight in a flight simulation training device approved by the Authority;
"instrument time" means time in which cockpit instruments are used as the sole means for navigation and control;
"ICAO Annex 1" means Annexure 1 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation;
"instrument training" means training which is received from an authorised instructor under actual or simulated instrument meteorological conditions;
"knowledge test" means a test on the aeronautical knowledge areas required for a licence or rating that can be administered in written form or by a computer;
"language proficiency skills" means the knowledge and abilities which impact on the capacity of a person to communicate spontaneously, accurately, intelligibly, meaningfully and appropriately in a given language;
"maintenance" means tasks required to ensure the continued airworthiness of an aircraft or aircraft component, including any one or combination of overhaul, repair, inspection, replacement, modification and defect rectification;
"medical certificate" means the evidence issued by the Authority that the licence holder meets specific requirements of medical fitness;
"medical conclusion" means a medical conclusion reached by one or more medical experts accredited by the Authority;
"medical examiner" means a medical practitioner with training in aviation medicine and practical knowledge and experience of the aviation environment, who is designated by the Authority to conduct medical examinations of fitness of applicants for licences or ratings for which medical requirements are prescribed;
"medical practitioner" means a medical practitioner qualified and experienced in the practice of aviation medicine who evaluates medical reports submitted to the Authority by medical examiners;
"night" means the time between 15 minutes after sunset and 15 minutes before sunrise, sunrise and sunset being determined at surface level, and includes any time between sunset and sunrise when an unlighted aircraft or other unlighted prominent object cannot clearly be seen at a distance of 4,572 m;
"performance criteria" means simple evaluative statements on the required outcome of the competency element and a description of the criteria used to judge whether the required level of performance has been achieved;
"pilot-in-command" means the pilot designated by the operator or in the case of general aviation, the owner, as being in command and charged with the safe conduct of a flight;
"pilot-in-command under supervision" means a co-pilot performing, under the supervision of the pilot-in-command, the duties and functions of a pilot-in-command;
"pilot time" means the time a person—
(a) serves as a required pilot;
(b) receives training from an authorised instructor in an aircraft or approved flight simulation training device; or
(c) gives training as an authorised instructor in an aircraft or approved flight simulation training device;
"powered-lift" means a heavier-than-air aircraft capable of vertical takeoff, vertical landing and low speed flight that depends principally on engine driven lift devices or engine thrust for lift during these flight regimes and on non-rotating airfoil for lift during horizontal flight;
"powerplant" means an engine that is used or intended to be used for propelling aircraft, and it includes turbo superchargers, appurtenances and accessories necessary for its functioning, but does not include propellers;
"practical test" means a competency test on the areas of operations for a licence, certificate, rating or authorisation that is conducted by having the applicant respond to questions and demonstrate manoeuvres in flight, in an approved synthetic flight trainer or in a combination of these;
"pressurised aircraft" means an aircraft fitted with means of controlling out flow of cabin air in order to maintain maximum cabin altitude of not more than 10,000 ft to enhance breathing and comfort of passengers and crew;
"problematic use of psychoactive substances" means the use of one or more psychoactive substances by aviation personnel in a way that—
(a) constitutes a direct hazard to the user or endangers the lives, health or welfare of others; or
(b) causes or worsens an occupational, social, mental or physical problem or disorder;
"proficiency check" means the process of the check pilot administering each prescribed manoeuvre and procedure to a pilot as necessary until it is performed successfully during the training period;
"propeller" means a device for propelling an aircraft that has blades on a powerplant driven shaft and that, when rotated, produces by its action on the air, a thrust approximately perpendicular to its plane of rotation, and it includes control components normally supplied by its manufacturer, but does not include main and auxiliary rotors or rotating airfoils of powerplants;
"psychoactive substance" means alcohol, opioids, cannabinoids, sedatives and hypnotics, cocaine, other psychostimulants, hallucinogens and volatile solvents, whereas coffee and tobacco are excluded;
"psychosis" means a mental disorder in which the individual has manifested delusions, hallucinations, grossly bizarre or disorganised behaviour or other commonly accepted symptoms of this condition; or the individual may reasonably be expected to manifest delusions, hallucinations, grossly bizarre or disorganised behaviour or other commonly accepted symptoms of this condition;
"rating" means an authorisation entered on or associated with a licence or certificate and forming part of the certificate or licence, stating special conditions, privileges or limitations pertaining to such licence or certificate;
"repair" means the restoration of an aircraft or aircraft component to a serviceable condition in conformity with an approved standard;
"significant" means, in the context of the medical provisions, a degree of a nature that is likely to jeopardise flight safety;
"solo flight" means a flight on which a student pilot of the aircraft is the sole occupant of the aircraft;
"specific operating provisions" means a document describing the ratings class or limited in detail and shall contain reference material and process specifications used in performing repair work, along with any limitations applied to an aircraft maintenance organisation;
"State safety programme" means an integrated set of regulations and activities aimed at improving safety;
"substance" means alcohol, sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics, hallucinogens, opioids, cannabis, inhalants, central nervous system stimulants such as cocaine, amphetamines and similarly acting sympathomimetics, phencyclidine or similarly acting arylcyclohexylamines and other psychoactive drugs and chemicals;
"substance abuse" means any of the following—
(a) the use of a substance in a situation in which that use was physically hazardous, if there has been at any other time an instance of the use of a substance also in a situation in which that use was physically hazardous;
(b) a verified positive drug test result acquired under an anti-drug programme or internal programme of a State Government; or
(c) misuse of a substance that the Authority, based on case history and qualified medical judgment relating to the substance involved, finds that it makes the applicant unable to safely perform the duties or exercise the privileges of the licence applied for or held; or may reasonably be expected, for the maximum duration of the medical certificate applied for or held, to make the applicant unable to perform those duties or exercise those privileges;
"substance dependence" means a condition in which a person is dependent on a substance, other than tobacco or ordinary xanthine-containing beverages, as evidenced by increased tolerance, manifestation of withdrawal symptoms, impaired control of use, or continued use despite damage to physical health or impairment of social, personal or occupational functioning;
"threat" means events or errors that occur beyond the influence of an operational person, increase operational complexity and shall be managed in order to maintain the margin of safety;
"threat management" means the process of detecting and responding to threats with counter measures that reduce or eliminate the consequences of threats and mitigate the probability of errors or undesired states;
"training programme" means a programme that consists of courses, courseware, facilities, flight training equipment, and personnel necessary to accomplish a specific training objective; and includes a core curriculum and a specialty curriculum; and
"VMC" means visual meteorological conditions.
PART II
General Requirements for Licences and Ratings (regs 3-11)
(1) A person shall not act as a flight crew member of an aircraft unless he or she applies for and is issued with a valid licence appropriate to the duties to be performed by such person.
(2) The Authority may, where on application the applicant satisfies the requirements of these Regulations, issue the following—
(a) private pilot licence;
(b) commercial pilot licence;
(c) airline transport pilot licence;
(d) multi-crew pilot licence; or
(e) student pllot licence.
(1) The Authority may, where an applicant satisfies the requirements of these Regulations, issue—
(a) category ratings for—
(i) an aeroplane,
(ii) a helicopter,
(iii) a glider,
(iv) an airship,
(v) free balloon, and
(vi) powered-lift;
(b) class ratings for—
(i) a single-engine land aeroplane,
(ii) a multi-engine land aeroplane,
(iii) a hot air-balloon,
(iv) a gas-balloon,
(v) a helicopter certified for single pilot operations that has comparable handling, performance and other characteristics, or
(vi) any rating considered necessary by the Authority;
(c) type ratings for—
(i) an aircraft certificated for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots,
(ii) each type of helicopter certificated for single pilot except where a class rating has been issued under subregulation (b), or
(iii) any aircraft considered necessary by the Authority;
(d) instrument ratings for—
(i) an aeroplane, or
(ii) a helicopter; and
(e) ground or flight instructor ratings for the class, instrument, type and category of the appropriate aircraft according to the instruction to be taught.
(2) The Authority may require additional knowledge for type or class ratings for high performance aeroplanes, if the applicant has not fulfilled the airline transport pilot licence knowledge requirements.
(2A) The Authority may endorse a type rating for aircraft of the powered-lift category on an aeroplane or helicopter pllot licence whiclt shall indicate that the aircraft is part of the powered-lift category.
(2B) The training for the type rating in the powered-lift category shall—
(a) be completed during a course of approved training;
(b) take into account the previous experience of the applicant in an aeroplane or a helicopter as appropriate; and
(c) incorporate all the relevant aspects of operating an aircraft of the powered-lift category.
5. General requirements for licences and ratings
An applicant shall be eligible for a licence or rating if—
(a) he or she is a fit and proper person;
(b) he or she has sufficient ability in reading, speaking and understanding the English language in order to carry out responsibilities of licence or rating applied for;
(c) he or she meets eligibility requirements appropriate for the licence or rating applied for; and
(d) the issue of the licence or rating is not contrary to aviation safety.
(1) The Authority may issue—
(a) a student pilot authorisation where a student pilot licence has not been issued; and
(b) an instructor authorisation for training in a flight simulation training device.
(2) The Authority may issue the following authorisations to place on a pilot licence—
(a) a category II pilot authorisation; and
(b) a category III pilot authorisation.
An authorised instructor may make the following endorsements on a pilot licence—
(a) a complex aerodrome endorsement;
(b) a high performance aeroplane endorsement; and
(c) a high altitude aircraft endorsement.
An applicant for a student pilot licence, private pilot licence, designated examiner certificate, delegated examiner rating or flight instructor rating shall hold a medical certificate appropriate for the licence, rating or certificate applied for in order for such licence, rating or certificate to be valid.
9. Privileges of holder of licence, etc.
A holder of a licence, certificate, authorisation or rating shall not exercise any privileges—
(a) other than those granted by the licence, certificate, authorisation or rating; and
(b) granted by the licence or rating unless he or she maintains competency and satisfies the requirements in these Regulations for recent experience.
9A. Specifications for licences
(1) The Authority shall issue a licence under these Regulations with the specifications provided in the Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) (General) Regulations (Cap. 71:01 (Sub. Leg.)).
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